Tetrachromacy
The majority of humans are trichomats i.e. we have three different types of cells in our eyes, each sensitive to a different colour. I already knew about colour blind humans, i.e. dicrhomats. About 1/20 of males are colour blind.
Now I found out that some humans, apparently, are tetrachromats. Find out if you are one here (may not work on all computer monitors?)
Many animals are normally tetrachromats, for example birds. Then there are crazy examples like the mantis shrimps which seem to have cells sensitive to 16 different light wavelengths!